Nicolson Yat-Fan SiuHelena Ng2026-05-22November 1https://cam-ed-oar.com/handle/cam-ed-oar/507Since the outbreak of COVID-19 (also known as SARS-CoV-2), declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a global pandemic on March 11, 2020 (Mao et al., 2021), its impact on people has been intense and unprecedented. Besides the social and economic effects, the lifestyle of individuals in many countries became constricted in many ways. The spreading prevalence of the virus prompted the dire need for governments to reduce the mobility and interaction of individuals who traveled from one place to another, internationally or locally (Das et al., 2021). International travel was limited as borders were closed, and mandatory quarantine obligations rendered cross-border travel inconvenient and less desirable. Some regions implemented lockdowns and banned the sale of alcohol. Indoor commercial and community amenities were closed; classroom learning, academic and non-academic, shifted to online mode. Overall, individuals’ daily routines and ways of relating with family and friends have been markedly affected (Alex et al., 2021).